WPCT usubF}iGNF|j'98֛F|PuD㍚Rnq"Zvym7yݾkC TITcZTׂhQJ717%/ި3EV5YjDwcL$Dž\2Xq/ՐvԲpXe|rfrK3 59[t-_]͒: *hODJ^\c\wYrR 빌8t^j:kDyEnEřRʘV{t} }bMz Y& dw@XOA- w AO8;+tٛww/6D2"S% |~{BOHwߪ M՝]I{L#r;mk㚥 Y!TV3;Ƈl@?IZ"41btiՐ0zcs"TvR 0| 0I 0 0y 0k 0ki 0~ 0~R 0 0 0h 0" 0 0} 0 0 0Dc 0D 0D 0D/ 0Ds 0D 0D 0D? 0 0B! 0" 0" 0 # 0$ 01& 0DK'Uc@( %(r( 0#G+ 0j, 0T- 0. 0_/ 0_T1 023 0W5UN:5E6e!6 0"6 06 0gS7 07 0NQ8 08 09 0i: 0j_; 0; 0U< 0zY= 0= > 0=> 0+F? 07hK? 1? 0F@ 1A 0$BhB 0CG 0*GU:H 04IU.J 0&HJ 0&nJ 0PJ 0(K 0 L 0L 0M 0[NUNpO 0O 0BP 0P 0FQ 0Q 0|`R 0R 0pS 0SU.U 0 @U 0JV 0$ W 0D1WU.uX 0DX 0DY 0D+[ 0o\U.2b 1i`bUBb 0f c 04qc 07c 0;c 07d 09Nd 0?d 0?d 0 eU.%fU.Sf 0gf 0|f 0dg 0g 0h 0Ji 0j 0j 0Mk 0l 0l 0m 0;no 0q 0@8r 0|xrrr D+f 0W 0J AM.o{@p  0 C<ަ C4^ B$ 0P :NU@PU:VMUJU@'g 0I- AMv A 0lfU@ B*;eah C|U@ fa^ 0 T C UJ$ nU"@xfaUJ D3 0C ASUJlf. 1 1in_ 0 re   U@  m6 aM UJa U: N  UJ3 f} w@ 4 a U@ '!!!! 0####U@$NP$P$P$P$R$fC'E' D3 (U:=(U@w((aq+q+U:+ 1u+ 0c4,4,U@,,======U@>>U @?fB?B?B?D?U@@U@$AU@dAEAfBaBBBBU@CTCTCTCTCTCTCUJ3E3E3E3E3E3E}EU@GGGGGGGGGGG GaGGGGGGG7kIU@JJJJU:MU@M  N N NU@P.SPSPSSU@SSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS#!SVV8Document[1]Document Style  @..  23  Ԁ     Ԉ V-8Document[2]Document Style 23  Ԁ   V=8Document[3]Document Style.. 23  Ԁ   V8Document[4]Document Style.. . V 8Document[5]Document Style0..V 8Document[6]Document Style8..V& 8Document[7]Document Style0..0` ..` V& 8Document[8]Document Style0..8` ..` l80:Technical[1]Technical Document Style  23  Ԁ     .. l-%:Technical[2]Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. l*!:Technical[3]Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. l&!:Technical[4]Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. l/:Technical[5]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. l/:Technical[6]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. l/:Technical[7]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. l/:Technical[8]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. , *4[1]23  , *4[2]23  , *4[3]23  , *4[4]23  , *4[5]23  , *4[6]23  , *4[7]23  , *4[8]23  jS *5[1]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..23  Ԁ..0..jf *5[2]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..` 23  Ԁ..0` ..` jy *5[3]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. 23  Ԁ` ..` 0 .. j *5[4]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..23  Ԁ .. 0..j *5[5]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h23  Ԁ..0h..hj *5[6]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h..23  Ԁh..h0..j *5[7]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h....23  Ԁ..0..j *5[8]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h....p..p23  Ԁ..0p..p) `(CG TimesScalable!&'     0 .   <yn:Default Para  U!) `(CG TimesScalableUU!) `(CG TimesScalableU<qq:Footnote RefU!) `(CG TimesScalableUU!) `(CG TimesScalableU:n8Page NumberU!) `(CG TimesScalableU>4,JR Z bj #>U!) `(CG TimesScalableU<nn:Footnote TexU!) `(CG TimesScalableUU!) `(CG TimesScalableU0.Header !(#U!) `(CG TimesScalableU;1R Z bj #;U!) `(CG TimesScalableU0.Footer !(#U!) `(CG TimesScalableU;1R Z bj #;U!) `(CG TimesScalableU.t,setupXX+7&dXXd7'p X'@  ,`)  !XX&!&-XXX!X  -XX-X  -XXX--XXX-X-XXX-X-XXX-X?.' XxdEWx? X  RevisedDraft00(#"US ,  / February23,1996!  (f3$ !  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  <6X9`("Courier 10cpiZ*lev6ital, left, no #,no toc&  @'  X=2bolddashdash, bold, period..` ..` 0 ..  . ^*lev7left, no #, no toc, ul, ..d-0boldbulbullet, bold head, period..0` ..`  . 20singlsp@LiI*lev2#, bold, all cap&     23  0..  @p '  VG/*lev1#, ctr, bold, all cap   23  .    @DiI*lev4#, bold, toc&   4  23  04..4  @p '  j6fig-taboptchange figure box optionsP*lev5bold, no #, no toc&   @'  LlL*lev3#, bold, sm. cap&     23  0..  @p '  R& 8BibliogrphyBibliography0....fp2Doc InitInitialize Document Style=S A   I. 1. A. a.(1)(a) i) a)S>?@($0 ($0 0 (@$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (# `  A_ekqwDocumentDocument StyleI.1.A.a.(1)(a)i)a)jo4Tech InitInitialize Technical StyleS C   1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 S  CuyTechnicalTechnical Document Style11.11.1.11.1.1.11.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1x?cu2PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paper E ^ F`(  !XX&!&-XXX!X  -XX-X  -XXX--XXX-X-XXX-X-XXX-XXX?.'*dE*??.'*dE*?HH1HH2HH3HH4HH5HH6HH7HH8HH9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28  .+(e2$ !  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  |2standard1/1, .5/.5, no jus, w/o, prestige 12 X  X    OH<p9`("Courier NewTTO    <p9`("Courier NewTTZ2auditchknew audit checklist h  X X  X CJ,xA`ArialTTC,xA`ArialTT&$1&$2tmo:LARGE HEADINLARGE HEADING FOR PCI INSTR.???CJ,xA`ArialTTC    CJ,xA`ArialTTC(&08<C :section head      6.' (p d6  fz8double linedouble line for tables6.' (d6  6.' (d6P78single linesingle line6.' (d6L0TR 12ptDtch Bld 10ptcS#4->  6Times New RomanItalicTTc  U!) `(CG TimesScalableU    #4->  6Times New RomanItalicTT`:WATER-LEVEL4WATER DOC. LEVEL 4 ^:WATER-LEVEL2WATER DOC. LEVEL2 ^:WATER-LEVEL3WATER DOC LEVEL 3 `!:WATER-LEVEL5WATER DOC. LEVEL 5..d:LEVEL1-WATERWater doc. - level 1 p6subheadingbold, underline, initial cap  j4CRITERIONBOLD, ITALICS, INITIAL CAP  b 0HEADINGSMALL CAPS, BOLD, CENTER@..  Pgg8Word222NullWord222Null  XXXC]<A $ArialTTC  XXXC]<A $ArialTTC<A $ArialTT<gg.NormalNormal  XXXC]<A $ArialTTC  XXXC]<A $ArialTTCtM 4Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..23  Ԁ  0..$"b\4Bullet 14Bullet for 14 point VGXXXCb<'A$ArialTTC  )^  XXXCb<'A$ArialTTC<'A$ArialTTb\4Bullet 18Bullet for 18 point VGXXXCb<'A$ArialTTC  )^  XXXCb<'A$ArialTTCb\4Bullet 24Bullet for 24 point VGXXXCb<'A$ArialTTC H )^  XXXCb<'A$ArialTTCb\4Bullet 30Bullet for 30 point VGXXXCb<'A$ArialTTC x )^  XXXCb<'A$ArialTTC6 4MACNormal            _UX` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<_      #d#  XXXCg4D4A`ArialTTCS h $ I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)S   .  ,         &ggXd& US XXXWi,4 `*Times New RomanTTW            _UX` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<_      #iiXd#  XXXCg4D4A`ArialTTC .  ,         &ggXd& US XXXWi,4 `*Times New RomanTTW4D4A`ArialTT$35;AGMU]c3I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a),4 `*Times New RomanTT42Footnote....20Endnote..42SMALL8PT86LARGE 13PT42FINE 6PT64SMALL 8PT<:VRY LRG 21PT<:EX LRGE 30PTh\\.HVBoldHelv Bold 11 pt + Helv 11 ptCs.> AArialTTCCt,o> A`ArialTTC.> AArialTT,o> A`ArialTTT&n1Hanging indent [1 Tab]..V&&n2Hanging Indent [2 Tabs]..` ..` V9&n3Hanging Indent [3 Tabs]..` ..`  .. VL&n4Hanging Indent [4 Tabs]..` ..`  .. ..V_&n5Hanging Indent [5 Tabs]..` ..`  .. ..h..hVr&n6Hanging Indent [6 Tabs]..` ..`  .. ..h..h..j (-n1Justified Hanging Indent [1 Tab]  ..  l1 (-n2Justified Hanging Indent [2 Tabs]  ..` ..`   lD (-n3Justified Hanging Indent [3 Tabs]  ..` ..`  ..   lW (-n4Justified Hanging Indent [4 Tabs]  ..` ..`  .. ..  lj (-n5Justified Hanging Indent [5 Tabs]  ..` ..`  .. ..h..h  l} (-n6Justified Hanging Indent [6 Tabs]  ..` ..`  .. ..h..h..  ~0RESUMESFORMATS RESUMES FOR PROPOSALS: 3/10/89'X X'  X7&dXXd7  X X  `'  !XX&!&-XXX!X  -XX-X'X X'  -XXX--XXX-X-XXX-X-XXX-X0X X0 TIMOTHYA.HALL X EXPERIENCE (continued) ( (e2$ !  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  2c0Quick ""0 (T$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#  h "  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  -&%X-X&@ %%-&0X000 ( X0* ddd Xdd Xdd X+(+(,D , d ,Hd ,d +  5"  5 Exhibit1.SummaryofEPAProgramNEPARequirementsandEquivalentorVoluntaryActivities (continued) XC/" 0   6X#X-X %&@e#&@ %XX-EPAProgramAreas A,!TT" ANEPARequirement A,!TT" AFunctionalNEPAEquivalent A,!((" AVoluntaryEISPolicy#X-X %&@#,/XX- [H,((" 0 6  7[ #X-X,/?#XX-CERCLA/SARA(Superfund)#X-X#,/XX- Q>& 7  QCERCLA/SARA(Superfund)(CERCLA1980asamendedbySARA1986) 6#  6 Exempt perCERCLArequirementthatEPAonly   complywiththesubstantive,requirementsofotherenvironmentallawsforonsiteresponses(seeState LL  ofOhiov.EPA). 6# 6RemedialInvestigation/FeasibilityStudy(RI/FS) 6# 6N/A R?#   7R #X-X,/8#XX-EPAResearchandDevelopmentActivities#X-X #,/XX- Q>&$ $  7  QEPAResearchandDevelopmentActivities 6#l l  6 Subject perCEQregulationsand40CFR6Sub l l  partG. 6#   6SeeNEPArequirement 6#l l  6N/A R?#l l    7R #X-X,/v#XX-EPAFacilities#X-X #,/XX- Q>&D D  7  QEPAFacilitiesConstruction 6#  6 Subject perCEQregulations(40CFR15001508)   and40CFRPart6. 6#44 6SeeNEPArequirement 6#  6N/A R?#    7R #X-X,/ #XX-OtherEPAPrograms#X-X #,/XX- Q>&dd 7  EQInternationalActivities 6# 6 Governedby E.O.12114,EnvironmentalEffects   AbroadofMajorFederalActions(asimplementedat40CFRPart6,SubpartJ)and,insomecases,NEPA. 6## 6SeeNEPArequirement 6#$ 6USAIDfundedprojects. I6#TT& E  I#X-X,/N #,/XX-AppropriationsActsmayalsoresultinNEPA ' requirements. UB*||( 0  USource:Adaptedfrom"TheNationalEnvironmentalPolicyActandEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyPrograms,"preparedbytheEPAWorkgrouponNEPA,October12,1993.?53,,+ 0   ?'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(e2$ !  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  ("$ Figure    A<< cWPCP P 9513P ,, rT$}J!# "?!!        ?????   ?  !!!!""""?"?      ?  ?  ?  ?       ?  ?                          ? ?  ? ?  ? ?                                         ?  ?               ?   ?                   ?        J$??????? ''&&&&?&&&%%%%%%$$$$?$?$$$######" " "? " "  !  !  !  ! !    ?          ?  ?      ?                    ?  ??????????????  ?   ?  ?????????  ?   ? ?        ? ?     ? ?       ? ?         ? ? ? ?       ? ?            ? ?   ?       ?             ????? ?       ?        ?        ?             ?    ! #!'JLOGOA.TIF>?@($     2 "  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  X-XX-X0X000 ( X0* ddd Xdd Xdd XE(E(, , d ,A d ,d +  5"  5Exhibit1.SummaryofEPAProgramNEPARequirementsandEquivalentorVoluntaryActivities XC/" 0   6XXX-EPAProgramAreas A,!hh" ANEPARequirement A,!hh" AFunctionalNEPAEquivalent(FE) A,!((" AVoluntaryEISPolicy [H,hh" 0 6  7[ AirandRadiationPrograms,/ Q>& 7  8QCleanAirActStandardSettingPrograms 6#  6 Exempt perESECA7(c)(1) 6#  6Classificationactivitiesarefunctionalequivalent 6#  6NSPSandNESHAP N;#  8  NEPAApprovalsUndertheCleanAirAct 6#hh 6 Exempt perESECA7(c)(1) 6# 6SIP/TIPactivitiesarefunctionalequivalent 6#hh 6Notapplicable N;#   NAtomicEnergyProgram 6#  6 #-,/e#,/-Exempt onbasisofFunctional   Equivalency#-,/##--E#--,/- 6#@ @  6Analyses,documentation,andreviewprocedures 6#@ @  6Radiationprogram. R?#    7R #,/#CleanWaterActPrograms,/ Q>&p p  7  QState/TribalWaterQualityStandardsApprovals 6#` `  6 Exempt perCWA511(c)(1) 6#  6Attainabilityanalysisarefunctionalequivalent 6#` `  6N/A N;#    NNonpointSourceandCleanLakesGrants 6#88" 6 Exempt perCWA511(c)(1) 6## 6Notidentifiable 6#$ 6N/A N;#%   NWaterQualityPlanning 6#hh& 6 Exempt perCWA511(c)(1) 6#hh' 6TMDLprocessisfunctionalequivalent 6#hh( 6N/A N;#hh)   NNationalWaterQualityCriteria 6#* 6 Exempt perCWA511(c)(1) 6#+ 6ModificationProceduresandCriteriaMethodologiesarefunctionalequivalent 6#@@- 6N/A N;#.   ENSection404WetlandPermitReviews 6#0 6 Exempt perCWA511(c)(1) 6#pp1 6Section#-,/#,/-#,/4 #,/404processisfunctional pp2 equivalent 6#3 6N/A N;#pp4 E  FNSection404State/TribalProgramApproval 6#6 6 Exempt perCWA511(c)(1) 6#HH7 6#-,/#,/-Delegated404processisfunctional HH8 equivalent#-,/ #,/-#,/T#,/ 6#9 6N/A @-#HH: F  @MunicipalWastewaterTreatmentConstructionGrants(CWATitleII)[PhasedoutandsupersededbyStateRevolvingLoanFund] -> - Required perCWA511(c)(1);CEQ   ? regulations,40CFRParts15001508;and40CFRPart6,SubpartE -ppA -N/A -  B -N/A#-,/##--#--,/- C0  C  CNPDESPermitProgram 0HHD 0 Required perCWA511(c)(1)fornew HHE sourceNPDESpermits. 0F 0SeeNEPArequirement 0HHG 0N/A3)'HHH    3 @@I Ї@O"(continued) d  "  !XBX&!&XXX!XB  ݛXBXXXXBXXXB&&XXB0X000 ( X0*q ddd Xdd Xdd XXXq, d ,Wt +  9&  9Exhibit3.ScopingConsiderationsandExamplesofEnvironmentalJustice(EJ)Issues ZE-"   _Z9&&&&9Considerations ?*(( ?ExamplesandApproachestoEJIssues#9&&# YF*(( _  _Y TYPEOFACTION TE- _  TConnected =* =Installationofsewers(e.g.,effectsoncommunitiesaffectedby  installation,communitiesserved)tofeednewtreatmentplantdischargeisproperlyinscopeofdischargepermitaction,sinceactionsandeffectsareconnected.Thus,potentiallyaffected   communitieswouldincludethosealonglinesandservedbylines. QB*    QCumulative =*  =Potentialcumulativeimpactsassociatedwithadditive/synergistic   effectsofpollutantloadingsfromnewdischargesandexistingsourcesandreasonablyforeseeablefuturesourcescouldbesignificantissue. QB*    QSimilar =*  =Multiplesimilaractions(e.g.,permits)fordifferentindustriesin   "industrialpark"inlowincomeareacouldneedtobeaddressedinsingleEA/EIS. YF*T T    ?Y TYPEOFALTERNATIVE TE- ?  dTNoaction =* =Descriptionofexistingpopulation,environment,andsocioeconomicconditionsisnecessaryfornoactionalternative.Forpopulation, ll includeeducation,income,racial/ethnic(minority)status. QB* d  QOtherreasonablecoursesofaction =*LL =Ifdisproportionatelyhighandadverseeffectspossible,shouldidentify/developreasonablealternative(s)thathavelessimpactor  lessdisproportionateimpact. QB*   dQMitigationmeasures(notintheproposedaction) =* =Mitigationmeasures(e.g.,timingofactions,medicalscreening,  addedcommunication)maybedesignedinordertoaddressEJconcerns.Bothphysicalandsocioeconomicmeasuresareappropriate. YF*" d  ?Y TYPEOFIMPACTS TE-# ?  TDirect =*HH$ =Immediateandlocalimpactsonaffectedminority/lowincomeindividuals/communitieswouldbedirect. QB*&   QIndirect =*((' =Inmanyinstances,social,cultural,andeconomicimpactswouldalsobeindirect,sincetheyarelikelytooccurovertimeratherthan ) immediately. QB**   QCumulative =*+ =Havetoconsiderhistorical,current,andreasonablyforeseeablefuturecircumstancesofminority/lowincomecommunitiestoassesscumulativeimpactsofnewaction. UB*  .   USource:40CFR1508.25identifiesthetypesofactions,alternatives,andimpacts.=31` ` / 0    =&&9#&&&&#u6% dLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5>7$"Small Circle55"0  >?@J(/O  Z (CG Times RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5<6X9`("Courier 10cpi C *  !XBX&!&-XXX!XB  A.) xdEW0*A X X*4XX-XX*4X4XX*&M&&4XX*@llk  24  (`  Z 2CG Times (W1) Regular) `(CG TimesScalable Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(!$ Table    A<< b&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK(e2$ !  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  ) `(CG TimesScalable&0 d d  !  !XBX&!&XRXX!XB    XRXXXR-XRXXXR    11    *,XX XX*0 XBXX-XR` XXBU.S.EPARegion6,OfficeofPlanningandAnalysis."ComputerAssistedEnvironmentalJusticeIndex X Methodology."July,1994.Table_Fd(/O  Z (CG Times Regular Table_B T $  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj    5    !XjXX-X!#X!XjAdistinctionmustbemadebetweenNativeAmericancommunitiesthatlivewithintheirowngovernmental X jurisdictionsandthosethatdonot.TheCEQregulationsrecognizethegovernmenttogovernmentrelationshipbetweenthefederalgovernmentandtribalgovernments,andencouragefederalagenciestoinvolvetribalgovernmentsintheNEPAprocesswhenaproposedprojectmayaffectatribeortriballands.Seesections1501.2[ApplyNEPAEarlyInTheProcess];1501.7(a)(1)[Scoping];1502.16[EnvironmentalConsequences];1503.1(a)(2)(ii)[InvitingComments];1506.6(b)(3)(ii)[PublicInvolvement];and1508.5[CooperatingAgency].NativeAmericanprogramsincludethoseFederalprogramswhicharetobeguided,asappropriate,bythegovernmenttogovernmentrelationship,theFederaltrustresponsibilitytofederallyrecognizedIndianTribes,andtheroleoftribesasgovernmentswithintheFederalsystem.  NEPAComplianceCoordinatorsshouldconsultwiththeregionalIndianProgramCoordinatorandshouldrequestthattheIndianTribesseekparticipationasacooperatingagencywhenatribalgovernment,land,resources,orinterestmaybeaffectedbyaproject.Whilesuchcasesmayormaynottriggeranenvironmentaljusticereview,EPAmustactconsistentwiththefederalgovernmentstrustresponsibilitytofederallyrecognizedIndianTribes.Eachcaseshouldbedecidedindividually;ifquestionsarisepleaseconsultwiththeAmericanIndianEnvironmentalOfficeandtheOfficeofFederalActivities.0   (# (# #-%#!##-XX%-#(f(3$ !  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj      0  d(`  Z 2CG Times (W1) Regular ),h  Z (CG Times RegularTable_G)m  Z 2CG Times (W1) Regular  "  !XBX&!&-XXX!XB  ݛXBXX-XXBXXXB&&XXB0X000 ( X0*q ddd Xdd Xdd XXXq, d ,Wt +  9&  9Exhibit4.ScopingConsiderationsandExamplesofEnvironmentalJustice(EJ)Issues ZE-"   _Z9&&&&9Considerations ?*(( ?ExamplesandApproachestoEJIssues#9&&# YF*(( _  _Y TYPEOFACTION TE- _  TConnected =* =Installationofsewers(e.g.,effectsoncommunitiesaffectedby  installation,communitiesserved)tofeednewtreatmentplantdischargeisproperlyinscopeofdischargepermitaction,sinceactionsandeffectsareconnected.Thus,potentiallyaffected   communitieswouldincludethosealonglinesandservedbylines. QB*    QCumulative =*  =Potentialcumulativeimpactsassociatedwithadditive/synergistic   effectsofpollutantloadingsfromnewdischargesandexistingsourcesandreasonablyforeseeablefuturesourcescouldbesignificantissue. QB*    QSimilar =*  =Multiplesimilaractions(e.g.,permits)fordifferentindustriesin   "industrialpark"inlowincomeareacouldneedtobeaddressedinsingleEA/EIS. YF*T T    ?Y TYPEOFALTERNATIVE TE- ?  dTNoaction =* =Descriptionofexistingpopulation,environment,andsocioeconomicconditionsisnecessaryfornoactionalternative.Forpopulation, ll includeeducation,income,racial/ethnic(minority)status. QB* d  QOtherreasonablecoursesofaction =*LL =Ifdisproportionatelyhighandadverseeffectspossible,shouldidentify/developreasonablealternative(s)thathavelessimpactor  lessdisproportionateimpact. QB*   dQMitigationmeasures(notintheproposedaction) =* =Mitigationmeasures(e.g.,timingofactions,medicalscreening,  addedcommunication)maybedesignedinordertoaddressEJconcerns.Bothphysicalandsocioeconomicmeasuresareappropriate. YF*" d  ?Y TYPEOFIMPACTS TE-# ?  TDirect =*HH$ =Immediateandlocalimpactsonaffectedminority/lowincomeindividuals/communitieswouldbedirect. QB*&   QIndirect =*((' =Inmanyinstances,social,cultural,andeconomicimpactswouldalsobeindirect,sincetheyarelikelytooccurovertimeratherthan ) immediately. QB**   QCumulative =*+ =Havetoconsiderhistorical,current,andreasonablyforeseeablefuturecircumstancesofminority/lowincomecommunitiestoassesscumulativeimpactsofnewaction. UB*  .   USource:40CFR1508.25identifiesthetypesofactions,alternatives,andimpacts.=31` ` / 0    =&&9#&&&&#'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5($     C<< c(`  Z 2CG Times (W1) Regular $ ,)  !XBX&!&-XXX!XB  A.) xdEWxA X @RXXX-X&Wu&XX  25   3sy5Right-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a) 35;AGMU]c4I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|=.) `(CG TimesScalable&&m P7&P) `(CG TimesScalablec P7P<6X9`("Courier 10cpileXx6X@ ;X@<p9`("Courier NewTTledp@]@,xA`ArialTTTTleixP7P,xA`ArialTTTTle??yxP7?P,xA`ArialTTTTle  nxP7 P#4->  6Times New RomanItalicTTS4-> xiQx) `(CG TimesScalableicTTO P7P<A $ArialTTScalableicTTX/x PX<'A$ArialTTScalableicTTXXx'aXa4D4A`ArialTTScalableicTTX:}D4P#XP,4 `*Times New RomanTTcTTX0}4 P$XP.> AArialTTomanTTcTT> p0'Qp,o> A`ArialTTomanTTcTTYo> P(QP* `(CG TimesScalablecTTXXw P17XP* `(CG TimesScalablecTT   P37 P) `(CG TimesScalablecTT P47P* `(CG TimesScalablecTT P57P) `(CG TimesScalablecTT^ P97P,xA`&UniversScalablecTT_xPE7P) `(CG TimesScalablecTTT PI7P,xA`&UniversScalablecTTTxPT7P(J$  !XX&!&-XXX!X   ) `(CG TimesScalableUTABLE B(`  Z 2CG Times (W1) Regular<6X9`("Courier 10cpi D7X&dX&d7  '  Z 2CG Times (W1) Regular ..D.E...D...D.DTU %jhTable_C*t: Z (CG Times Regular  "  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  XXX-X&`{%XX0X000 ( X0* ddd Xdd Xdd X+(+(,\ , d ,d ,d +  5"  5 Exhibit1.SummaryofEPAProgramNEPARequirementsandEquivalentorVoluntaryActivities (continued) XC/" 0   6X#XX%&`{#&`{%XXEPAProgramAreas A,!TT" ANEPARequirement A,!TT" AFunctionalNEPAEquivalent A,!((" AVoluntaryEISPolicy#XX%&`{#cXXX [H,((" 0 6  8[#XXcX?#XX CleanWaterActPrograms (continued)#XX#cXXX Q>& 8  QStateRevolvingLoanFund 6#  6 NEPAlikereviewbystatesrequiredforall    CWA212projectsreceivingfederalfunds.40   CFR35.3140. 6#LL  6N/A 6#  6N/A N;#   NNationalEstuaryProgram 6#|| 6 Exempt perCWA511(c)(1) 6#|| 6EnvironmentalreviewforestuarydesignationandCCMPdevelopmentarefunctionalequivalent 6#t t  6N/A N;#||   NOceanDischargeProgram 6#  6 Generallyexempt perCWA511(c)(1) 6#  6#-cXe#cX-#-cX ##-XX-H#-X-XcX-#-cXH #cX-#XXcX) #cXXX301(h)and403   processesarefunctionalequivalent 6#  6N/A N;#    DNOceanDumpingProgram 6#$$ 6 Exempt onbasisoffunctionalequivalency 6#$$ 6MPRSAactivitiesarefunctionalequivalent 6# 6Oceandumpingsitedesignationsandrevisionstooceandumpingcriteria. N;#tt" D  NEffluentGuidelinesProgram 6## 6 Exempt perCWA511(c)(1) 6#$ 6EffluentGuidelinesrulemakingpackageisfunctionalequivalent 6#' 6N/A R?#(   7R #XXcX #XXSafeDrinkingWaterAct#XX#cXXX Q>&$$) 7  Q#-cX #cX-DrinkingWaterandUndergroundInjectionControl ll* (UIC)Regulations 6#+ 6SDWAproceduresarefunctionalequivalent 6#ll, 6Regulationdevelopmentprocessisfunctionalequivalent 6#/ 6N/A N;#ll0   NEPAandAuthorizedStatePermittingUICPermits 6#1 6Permittingprocessisfunctionalequivalent 6#2 6TheUICpermittingprocessisfunctionalequivalent. 6#<<5 6N/A3)'6    3#-cX#@OcX-(continued)#-cXV#Ԉ :   $  !XBX&!&-XXX!XB    9    XBXX-XԀv{7XXBSeeCEQ EnvironmentalJusticeGuidanceUndertheNationalEnvironmentalPolicyActpage10, X HelpfulInformationtoInformthePublicDuringtheScopingProcess.(f3$ !  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  (/O  Z (CG Times Regular  !  !XBX&!&XXX!XB  ݛ   XXXX-XXXX    6    XBXX-X4{ XXB*,XX XX*0  TheIWGkeytermsguidancedescribesdifferentialpatternsofconsumptionofnaturalresourcesasrelatingto"subsistence X anddifferentialpatternsofsubsistence,andmeansdifferencesinratesand/orpatternsoffish,water,vegetationand/orwildlifeconsumptionamongminoritypopulationsorlowincomepopulations,ascomparedtothegeneralpopulation. *  !XBX&!&-XXX!XB  A.) xdEW0*A X 'dxd<6X9`("Courier 10cpi*t: Z (CG Times Regular  !  !XBX&!&XXX!XB    XXXX-XXXX    7    *,XX XX*0  XBXX-X4{ XXBItshouldbenotedthatthefactorstheIWGisprovidingforassessingenvironmentalhazardwerenotnecessarilydevelopedin @ #  X thecontextofNEPAanalyses.Thesefactorsare,however,similartothefactorsusedindetermining"significant"physicalornaturalenvironmentaleffectsunderNEPA.Table_D<6X9`("Courier 10cpi3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(;3$2#  0  .3  0  (/O  Z (CG Times Regular  "  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  -&%X-X&@ %%-&0X000 ( X0*ddd Xdd Xdd X+(+(,d ,d , d ,d +  5"  5 Exhibit1.SummaryofEPAProgramNEPARequirementsandEquivalentorVoluntaryActivities (continued) XC/" 0   6X#X-X %&@e#&@ %XX-EPAProgramAreas A,!TT" ANEPARequirement A,!TT" AFunctionalNEPAEquivalent A,!((" AVoluntaryEISPolicy#X-X %&@# [H,((" 0 6  7[ XX-SafeDrinkingWaterAct (continued) Q>& 7  Q,/StateandTribalProgramApprovals:PublicWaterSupply   SystemsandUICPrimacy 6#LL  6SDWAproceduresarefunctionalequivalent 6#  6UICpermittingprocessandPWSSregulationimplementationstageisfunctionalequivalent 6#LL 6N/A R?#   7R ,/PesticidesandToxicSubstances Q>&|| 7  Q,/PesticidesRegulation    6#l l  6 6#  6Significantportionsofpesticideprogramarefunctionalequivalent 6#l l  6N/A N;#    NRegulationofToxicSubstances 6#D D  6 6#  6Regulatoryrulemakingprocessisfunctionalequivalent 6#D D  6N/A N;#    7NPCBPermits 6#  6 6#t t ! 6PCBpermittingprogramisfunctionalequivalent 6## 6N/A N;#t t $ 7  NNewChemicalsProgram 6#LL% 6 6#LL& 6Issuanceof5(e)ordersisfunctionalequivalent 6#( 6N/A R?#LL)   7R ,/ResourceConservationandRecoveryActPrograms(RCRA) Q>&$$* 7  7Q,/StandardSettingunderRCRA ll+  6#, 6 6#ll- 6StandardSettingprocessisfunctionalequivalent 6#/ 6N/A N;#ll0 7  NEPAPermitsforHazardousWasteFacilitiesUnderRCRA 6#2 6 6#DD3 6Permittingprocessisfunctionalequivalent(seeStateofAlabamav. 5 EPA) 6#6 6N/A3)'DD7   3@T 3 F(  !XBX&!&-XXX!XB  A.) xdE0*A  -&XX-X&g &X-&EnvironmentalJusticeinEPA'sNEPAComplianceAnalyses *t: Z (CG Times Regular) `(CG TimesScalable  '  !XBX&!&-XXX!XB  XXX-X&Wu&XXA.)xdExATT\(# EnvironmentalJusticeinEPA'sNEPAComplianceAnalyses #-&X&&Wue##-XXX-&„#Ԉ X ) `(CG TimesScalable) `(CG TimesScalable(/O  Z (CG Times Regular ; $  !XBX&!&-XXX!XB    8    ݀XBXX-X4{ XXBGuidanceontheterms minoritypopulationand lowincomepopulationiscontainedinAppendixA.Table_B   *t: Z (CG Times Regular  $  !XBX&!&-XXX!XB    10    *,XX XX*0 XBXX-X4{ XXBEnvironmentalJusticeResourceCenter.PeopleofColorEnvironmentalGroups:199495Directory. X PreparedbyDr.RobertD.Bullard,ClarkAtlantaUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia.1994.(`  Z 2CG Times (W1) Regular  $  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj    2    *,XX XX*XjXX-XD.XXj0  Thetermtreatyprotectedresources,asitisusedintheguidance,includesthoseresourcesthatareprotectedbytreaty,statuteand/or X executiveorder.#-%D.##-XX%-#*t: Z (CG Times Regular Table_E  '  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  _ XjXX-X &%X XjA.)xdExA\(# EnvironmentalJusticeinEPA'sNEPAComplianceAnalyses &%% &Ԉ X  - ,)  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  _A.) xdEWxA-&%X-X'&%%-& X     0  ) `(CG TimesScalable  !  !XjX%!&+XXX!Xj    +XXX+X-XXX+X    1    *,XX XX*0  ,XjXX-X,D.X,XjThroughoutthisguidance,theterm"disproportionatelyhighandadverseeffects"isusedinterchangeablywiththelongerphrase X "disproportionatelyhighandadversehumanhealthorenvironmentaleffectsonminoritypopulationsandlowincomepopulations."Thisisdonepurelyforeditorialease.<6X9`("Courier 10cpi*t: Z (CG Times Regular  $  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj    3    0XjXX-X0D.X0Xj-,XX` XX-0  OnMay24,1996,thePresidentissuedExecutiveOrder13007onIndianSacredSitesto1)accommodateaccesstoandceremonialuse X ofIndiansacredsites,and;2)avoidadverselyaffectingthephysicalintegrityofsuchsacredsites.),h  Z (CG Times Regular $ $  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj    4    5XjXX-X5D.X5Xj*,XX XX*0  Forconsistencythroughoutthedocument,theguidancewillusetheterm IndianTribewhenreferringtofederallyrecognizedtribes X and indigenouspopulationor communitywhengenerallyreferringtoNativeAmerican,AmericanIndian,AlaskaNative,and/orNativeHawaiianpeoples.Underenvironmentaljustice,theAgencyspolicyistointeractwithboththetribalgovernmentonagovernmenttogovernmentbasis,aswellaswithanyaffectedorinterestedindigenousperson(s)aspublicstakeholders. ),h  Z (CG Times Regular HP LaserJet IIP,,,,0 !  !XjX%!&-XXX!Xj  _  !XjXX-X!&%X!Xj#& = XX ! Yr!%!&@O.FINAL.GUIDANCE@RFOR@=INCORPORATING@@  BENVIRONMENTALJUSTICECONCERNS@66RIN@6 6 DEPA'SNEPACOMPLIANCEANALYSES  H !7 !! Yr@N April1998  @ AU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency@EOfficeofFederalActivities@K401MStreet_S.W._Ԉ̀@vvHWashington,D.C.20460 YIEx| `P   ^@@E+-$;c,!&% !7Ԉ '%%   )''= _ &%%!&  DISCLAIMERANDACKNOWLEDGMENTS   ThementionofcompanyorproductnamesisnottobeconsideredanendorsementbytheU.S.GovernmentorbytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.WiththetechnicalassistanceofScienceApplicationsInternationalCorporation(SAIC),t#!&%%&#&%%!&hisdocumentwaspreparedinpartialfulfillmentofEPAContract68  p WE0026,WorkAssignment72IV.ThisguidancewaspreparedunderthedirectionofanEPAWorkgroupcochairedbyArthurTottenandBillDickersonoftheOfficeofFederalActivitiesandhelpedbyKarenNorris.TheWorkgroupmembersincludedthefollowing:'X` <X'0  Region10(#(#JamesYounger$t (#(# 0  Region20(#(#JoeBergsteinn (#(# 0  Region3  RoyDenmark (#(# 0  Region40(#(#HeinzMueller;ChrisHoberg#!&%%&#&%%!& @0 0@0R (#(# 0  Region60(#(#YvonneVallette;JackFerguson#!&%%& #&%%!& @  @ L(#(# 0  Region80(#(#GeneKersey(#(# 0  Region100(#(#RickSeaborne0(#(# 0  OfficeofAdministrationand0(#(#RobM.Lee*z(#(#   ResourceManagement0  OfficeofAirandRadiation0(#(#WillWilsonP(#(# 0  OfficeofEnvironmentalJustice0(#(#AlexVarela(#(# 0  OfficeofWater  #!&%%& #&%%!&ElizabethBell#!&%%& #&%%!&4 (#(#   (AmericanIndianEnvironmentalOffice)0  OfficeofFederalActivities0(#(#MarshallCain;BillDickerson;ArthurTotten0@!0@!` `  Z#(#(# 0  OfficeofGeneralCounsel0(#(#JimHavard; @ 0@DavidCoursen;MaryO'Lone#!&%%& #&%%!& @ !  @ ! T %(#(# 0  #!&%%&#&%%!&OfficeofPrevention,Pesticides,#!&%%&c#&%%!&0(#(##!&%%&#BruceSidwell&%%!&!'(#(# 0  #!&%%&*#&%%!&andToxicSubstances#!&%%&#0(#(#z"((#(# 0  OfficeofRegionalOperationsand  AnnCole#*(#(# 0  State/LocalRelations (#(# 0  OfficeofResearchandDevelopment0(#(#CandaceCastillo%: -(#(#   OfficeofSolidWasteand  KentBenjamin 4'!/   EmergencyResponseThisguidanceisintendedtoimprovetheinternalmanagementofEPAwithrespecttoenvironmentaljusticeunderNEPA.Itwillnotbedeemedtocreateanyright,benefitortrustobligationeithersubstantiveorprocedural,enforceablebyanyperson,orentityinanycourtagainsttheagency,itsofficers,oranyotherperson.Compliancewiththisguidancewillnotbejusticiableinanyproceedingforjudicialreviewofagencyaction._  8-'6 Ѐ0X XX<0&%%!&   #!&%%&#&%%!&@KTABLEOFCONTENTS   @S Section !!(# Page #!&%%&O#&%%!&Ԉ D    >  >g0     1.0PURPOSE#""(#. (#(##1>g݌  L Ќ  ?  ?#0  0(#(#    1.10(#(#Background#""(#. .(#(##2?#>݌  ( Ќ  @  @ 0  0(#(#0 (#(#    1.1.1WhatisEnvironmentalJustice?#""(#.``I (# (##2@ (݌   Ќ  @  @ 0  0(#(#0 (#(#    1.1.2ExecutiveOrder12898#""(#.  @ (# (##2@ $݌   Ќ  ?  ?0  0(#(#    1.20(#(#Principles/PhilosophyofthisGuidance#""(#.DDJ(#(##3?݌ l   Ќ  @  @0  0(#(#0 (#(#    1.2.10 (# (#EPAActionsRequiringNEPACompliance#""(#.<<R (# (##5@݌ H  Ќ  @  @0  0(#(#0 (#(#    1.2.20 (# (#EPAReviewofProposedActionsUnderCleanAirAct309#p"p"(#.88d (# (##10@2݌ $t  Ќ  ?  ?B0  0(#(#    1.30(#(#OrganizationofthisGuidance#p"p"(#.A(#(##10?B]݌ P  Ќ  >  >@0     2.0KEYTERMSANDFACTORSFORCONSIDERATIONINEVALUATING ENVIRONMENTALJUSTICECONCERNS#p"p"(#.9(#(##10>@[݌   Ќ  ?  ?X0  0(#(#    2.10(#(#DefiningMinorityand/orLowIncomePopulation#p"p"(#.R(#(##11?Xs݌ p  Ќ  @  @g 0  0(#(#0 (#(#    2.1.10 (# (#MinorityandMinorityPopulation#p"p"(#.M (# (##15@g ݌ L Ќ  @  @x!0  0(#(#0 (#(#    2.1.20 (# (#LowIncomePopulation#p"p"(#.B (# (##16@x!!݌ (x Ќ  ?  ?~"0  0(#(#    2.20(#(#ConsideringEffects#p"p"(#.,,7(#(##18?~""݌ T Ќ  @  @r#0  0(#(#0 (#(#    2.2.10 (# (#DisproportionatelyHighandAdverseEffects#p"p"(#.X (# (##18@r##݌ 0 Ќ  @  @$0  0(#(#0 (#(#    2.2.20 (# (#CumulativeandIndirectEffects#p"p"(#.L (# (##18@$$݌   Ќ  @  @%0  0(#(#0 (#(#    2.2.30 (# (#EnvironmentalExposure#p"p"(#.C (# (##20@%%݌  Ќ  ?  ?&0  0(#(#    2.30(#(#SummaryofFactorstoConsiderinEnvironmentalJusticeAnalyses#p"p"(#.d(#(##21?&&݌ t Ќ  >  >'0     3.0INCORPORATINGENVIRONMENTALJUSTICEINTOTHENEPAPROCESS#p"p"(#.Q(#(##27>''݌ ,| Ќ  ?  ?(0  0(#(#    3.10(#(#OverviewoftheNEPAProcess#p"p"(#.@(#(##27?((݌ X Ќ  ?  ?)0  0(#(#    3.20(#(#IncorporatingEnvironmentalJusticeConcernsintothisProcess#p"p"(#.b(#(##29?))݌ 4 Ќ  @  @*0  0(#(#0 (#(#    3.2.10 (# (#EnvironmentalJusticeScreeningAnalysis#p"p"(#.U (# (##29@**݌  Ќ  @  @+0  0(#(#0 (#(#    3.2.20 (# (#EnvironmentalJusticeandtheDeterminationofSignificance#p"p"(#.h (# (##31@+,݌  Ќ  @  @-0  0(#(#0 (#(#    3.2.30 (# (#_Scoping_ԀandPlanning#p"p"(#.A (# (##32@-1-݌ x Ќ    ;.0  0(#(#0 (#(#0 (# (#   3.2.3.1IncorporatingEnvironmentalJusticeConcernsintoEADevelopment#p"p"(#. u (# (##32;.V.݌ T  Ќ    o/0  0(#(#0 (#(#0 (# (#   3.2.3.2IncorporatingEnvironmentalJusticeConcernsinEIS_Scoping_#p"p"(#.p (# (##33o//݌ 0!  Ќ  @  @00  0(#(#0 (#(#    3.2.40 (# (#IdentificationofAffectedResources#p"p"(#.((Q (# (##34@00݌  "\! Ќ  @  @10  0(#(#0 (#(#    3.2.50 (# (#IdentificationofAlternatives#p"p"(#.K (# (##34@11݌ "8" Ќ  @  @20  0(#(#0 (#(#    3.2.60 (# (#PredictionofEnvironmentalConsequences#p"p"(#.U (# (##35@22݌ ## Ќ  @  @30  0(#(#0 (#(#    3.2.70 (# (#MitigationMeasures#p"p"(#.@ (# (##37@34݌ $$ Ќ  @  @40  0(#(#0 (#(#    3.2.8 Decisions#p"p"(#. 6 (# (##38@45݌ |%% Ќ  >  >50     4.0PUBLICPARTICIPATION#p"p"(#.LL-(#(##38>5 6݌ 4'!' Ќ  ?  ?60  0(#(#    4.10(#(#PublicParticipationUnderNEPA#p"p"(#.xxC(#(##39?66݌ (`"( Ќ  ?  ?70  0(#(#    4.20(#(#MechanismstoEnhanceParticipation#p"p"(#.G(#(##40?77݌ (<#) Ќ  >  >80     5.0METHODSANDTOOLSFORIDENTIFYINGANDASSESSING DISPROPORTIONATELYHIGHANDADVERSEEFFECTS#p"p"(#.F(#(##44>88݌ +%, Ќ  ?  ?90  0(#(#    5.10(#(#_Locational_/DistributionalTools#p"p"(#.||C(#(##46?99݌ \,&- Ќ  ?  ?:0  0(#(#    5.20(#(#EcologicalandHumanHealthRiskAssessments#p"p"(#.\\P(#(##48?:;݌ 8-'. Ќ  ?  ? <0  0(#(#    5.30(#(#SocioeconomicAnalyses#p"p"(#.:(#(##50? <'<݌ .d(/ Ќ  _ [  LISTOFEXHIBITS h  %=0XCX 0Exhibit1.0 C SummaryofEPAProgramNEPARequirementsandEquivalentor0@s 0@sVoluntaryActivities#""(#.3!3!qC(#C(##7  p #!&%%&#&%%!&Exhibit2.0 C SummaryofFactorstoConsiderinEnvironmentalJusticeAnalysis#@"@"(#.WWbC(#C(##20#!&%%&>#&%%!&Ԉ  L Exhibit3.0 C #!&%%&F?#&%%!&ScopingConsiderationsandExamplesofEnvironmentalJusticeIssues#@"@"(#.CCeC(#C(###!&%%&?#&%%!&Ԁ3.6..4.  ( #!&%%&\@#&%%!&Exhibit4.0 C #!&%%&@#&%%!&CommunicationsIssuesRaisedbyLowIncomeand/orMinorityCommunities#@"@"(#.[[hC(#C(###!&%%&$A#&%%!&Ԁ4.3....1...0..   #!&%%&A#&%%!&   APPENDICES  #!&%%&_B#AppendixARegionalContactsp"p"(#. 153 H  AppendixBReferencesp"p"(#. *55 $t  &%%!&  ,  #!&%%&fC#33    1.0PURPOSE C   C3X$ XC3   $ OnFebruary11,1994,PresidentClintonissuedExecutiveOrder12898, FederalActionstoAddressEnvironmentalJusticeinMinorityPopulationsandLowIncomePopulations.ThisExecutiveOrderisdesignedtofocustheattentionoffederalagenciesonthehumanhealthandenvironmentalconditionsinminoritycommunitiesandlowincomecommunities.Itrequiresfederalagenciestoadoptstrategiestoaddressenvironmentaljusticeconcernswithinthecontextofagencyoperations.InanaccompanyingPresidentialmemorandum,thePresidentemphasizesexistinglaws,includingtheNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct(NEPA)shouldprovideopportunitiesforfederalagenciestoaddressenvironmentalhazardsinminoritycommunitiesandlowincomecommunities.InAprilof1995,theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)releasedthedocumenttitled EnvironmentalJusticeStrategy:ExecutiveOrder12898."ThedocumentdefinestheapproachesbywhichEPAwillensurethatdisproportionatelyhighandadversehumanhealthorenvironmentaleffectsonminoritycommunitiesandlowincomecommunitiesareidentifiedandaddressed.ItestablishesAgencywidegoalsforAmericanIndian,AlaskaNative,andotherindigenouspeoples(e.g.,NativeHawaiian).ItalsoestablishesAgencywidegoalsforenvironmentalprotection,andlistsactionstheEPAwouldtaketoincorporateenvironmentaljusticeintoitsmission. $ InAugust1997,theEPAOfficeofEnvironmentalJusticereleasedthe EnvironmentalJusticeImplementationPlan.TheImplementationPlansupplementstheEPAenvironmentaljusticestrategy.Itprovidesestimatedtimeframesforundertakingrevisions,identifyingtheleadagentsanddeterminingthemeasuresofsuccessforeachactionitem.SeveralEPAofficesaredevelopingmorespecificplansandguidancetoimplementExecutiveOrder12898andthisAgencywidestrategy. $ ThisdocumentservesasaguidancetoincorporateenvironmentaljusticegoalsintoEPA'spreparationofenvironmentalimpactstatements(EISs)andenvironmentalassessments(EAs)underNEPA.TheNationalEnvironmentalPolicyActof1969(42U.S.C.4321etseq.)servesastheNation'sbasicenvironmentalprotectioncharter.AprimarypurposeofNEPAistoensurethatfederalagenciesconsidertheenvironmentalconsequencesoftheiractionsanddecisionsastheyconducttheirrespectivemissions.For"majorFederalactionssignificantlyaffectingthequalityofthehumanenvironment,"thefederalagencymustprepareadetailedenvironmentalimpactstatement(EIS)thatassessestheproposedactionandallreasonablealternatives.EISsarerequiredtobebroadinscope,addressingthefullrangeofpotentialeffectsoftheproposedactiononhumanhealthandtheenvironment.RegulationsestablishedbyboththeCouncilonEnvironmentalQuality(CEQ)andEPArequirethatsocioeconomicimpactsassociatedwithsignificantphysicalenvironmentalimpactsbeaddressedintheEIS. $ EnvironmentalassessmentshavealsobecomeveryimportantcomponentsoftheNEPAprocess.Originallyintendedtoserveasamechanismfordeterminingwhetheranagency'sactionwassignificant,therebymeritinganEIS,EAsareimportantanalysesontheirown.Asamatterofpolicy,EAscompletedbyEPAregularlyaddresssocioeconomiceffectsassociatedwithenvironmentalimpactsofAgencyactions. -('  $ ThepurposeofthisguidanceistoassistEPAstaffresponsiblefordevelopingEPANEPAcompliancedocumentation,includingEISsandEAs,inaddressingaspecificconcernthatofenvironmentaljustice.Becauseanalyzingandaddressingenvironmentaljusticemayassistindeterminingthedistributionaleffectsofenvironmentalimpactsoncertainpopulations,itisentirelyconsistentwiththeNEPAprocess.Thisguidanceisintendedto:0 $ 0$(#$(#0(#(#heightenawarenessofEPAstaffinaddressingenvironmentaljusticeissueswithinNEPAanalyses  * andconsideringthefullpotentialfordisproportionatelyhighandadversehumanhealthorenvironmentaleffectsonminoritypopulationsandlowincomepopulations; (#(# 0 $ 0$(#$(#0(#(#presentbasicproceduresforidentifyinganddescribingjuncturesintheNEPAprocesswhere F  environmentaljusticeissuesmaybeencountered; (#(# 0 $ 0$(#$(#presentproceduresforaddressingdisproportionatelyhighandadverseeffectstoevaluate @T alternative  [  actions,and; (#(#  $   0  presentmethodsforcommunicatingwiththeaffectedpopulationthroughouttheNEPAprocess. p(#(# Asseenthroughoutthisguidancedocument,environmentaljusticeissuescanbeandshouldbeanalyzedandaddressedusingmanyofthesametoolscurrentlyintrinsictotheNEPAprocess.  1.10 $ Background X C$(#$(#   1.1.1WhatisEnvironmentalJustice? X  Q  $ EnvironmentalJusticehasbeendefinedbyavarietyoforganizationsinterestedinthetopic.EPA'sOfficeofEnvironmentalJusticeoffersthefollowingdefinition:338 $ "Thefairtreatmentandmeaningfulinvolvementofallpeopleregardlessofrace,color,national t" origin,orincomewithrespecttothedevelopment,implementation,andenforcementofenvironmentallaws,regulations,andpolicies.Fairtreatmentmeansthatnogroupofpeople,includingracial,ethnic,orsocioeconomicgroupshouldbearadisproportionateshareofthenegativeenvironmentalconsequencesresultingfromindustrial,municipal,andcommercialoperationsortheexecutionoffederal,state,local,andtribalprogramsandpolicies."33 $!$!  $ Thegoalofthis"fairtreatment"isnottoshiftrisksamongpopulations,buttoidentifypotentialdisproportionatelyhighandadverseeffectsandidentifyalternativesthatmaymitigatetheseimpacts.  1.1.2ExecutiveOrder12898 j]  +3&&   ,:''  $ ExecutiveOrder12898anditsaccompanyingmemorandumhavetheprimarypurposeofensuringthat "eachFederalagencyshallmakeachievingenvironmentaljusticepartofitsmissionbyidentifyingandaddressing,asappropriate,disproportionatelyhighandadversehumanhealthorenvironmentaleffectsofitsprograms,policies,andactivitiesonminoritypopulationsandlowincomepopulations...")   1      ׀TheExecutive  OrderalsoexplicitlycalledfortheapplicationofequalconsiderationforNativeAmericanprograms.Tomeetthesegoals,theOrderspecifiedthateachagencydevelopanagencywideenvironmentaljusticestrategy. $ ThePresidentialMemorandumthataccompaniedtheExecutiveOrdercallsforavarietyofactions.FourspecificactionsweredirectedatNEPArelatedactivities,including:?X$O X$ ?33 $ 1.8 O Eachfederalagencymustanalyzeenvironmentaleffects,includinghumanhealth,economic, F  andsocialeffects,offederalactions,includingeffectsonminoritycommunitiesandlowincomecommunities,whensuchanalysisisrequiredbyNEPA. O O   $ 2.0 O MitigationmeasuresoutlinedoranalyzedinEAs,EISs,orRecordsofDecision(RODs),whenever f  feasible,shouldaddresssignificantandadverseenvironmentaleffectsofproposedfederalactionsonminoritycommunitiesandlowincomecommunities. O(#O(#  $ 3.0 O EachfederalagencymustprovideopportunitiesforcommunityinputintheNEPAprocess,including & identifyingpotentialeffectsandmitigationmeasuresinconsultationwithaffectedcommunitiesandimprovingaccessibilityofpublicmeetings,officialdocuments,andnoticestoaffectedcommunities. O(#O(#  $ 4.0 O Inreviewingotheragencies'proposedactionsunderSection309oftheCleanAirAct,EPAmust F ensurethattheagencieshavefullyanalyzedenvironmentaleffectsonminoritycommunitiesandlowincomecommunities,includinghumanhealth,social,andeconomiceffects.33 O(#O(# ?X$ X$O ? $ Asnotedearlier,thepurposeofthisguidanceistoassistEPApersonnelinidentifyingandevaluatingdisproportionatelyhighandadversehumanhealthorenvironmentaleffectsinminoritycommunitiesandlowincomecommunitieswithinthecontextofNEPAdocumentspreparedbyEPAforactionswhichEPAcomplieswiththeproceduralrequirementsofNEPA(e.g.,researchanddevelopmentactivities,facilitiesconstruction, !!q wastewatertreatmentconstructiongrants,EPAissuedNationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES)permitsfornewsources,andprogramsundertheEPAVoluntaryNEPACompliancePolicy),includinginstanceswhereEPAsatisfiesitsNEPAcomplianceobligationasacooperatingagency.ItisalsomeanttoimprovetheaffectedcommunitiesaccesstotheNEPAprocess.  1.20 $ Principles/PhilosophyofthisGuidance j K'!#$(#$(#   R("$  $ ThisguidancehighlightsimportantwaysinwhichEPApreparedNEPAdocumentationmayhelptoidentifyandaddressEJconcerns.Therationaleandassociatedimplicationsoftheguidancewillbedescribedintheremainderofthisdocument.Thissectionprovidesasummarylistingofthemajorimplications. <'ww g X$ <  0  EPAofficialsshouldbevigilantinidentifyingwhereEPAactionsmayhavedisproportionatelyhigh   andadversehumanhealthorenvironmentaleffectsonminorityand/orlowincomecommunities. (#(#   0  Identificationshouldoccurasearlyaspossible,preferablyduringanyinitialscreeningexercise.The  * screeningexerciseshouldidentifythepresenceofminorityorlowincomecommunitiesandwhethersuchcommunitiesarelikelytoexperienceadverseenvironmentalorhumanhealtheffectsasaresultofproposedEPAactions. (#(#   0  Thesensitivitytoenvironmentaljusticeconcernsshouldsharpenthefocusoftheanalysis.Whilethe M  analyticaltoolstobeusedaresimilar,theanalysisshouldfocusbothontheoverallaffectedareaandpopulationandonsmallerareasand/orcommunitieswithintheaffectedarea. (#(#   0  ItisdesirablethatEPANEPAanalyststaskedwithidentifyingandaddressingenvironmentaljustice i issuesworkasateam.Thisteamshouldbecomprisedofaninterdisciplinarystaffthatincludesindividualsfamiliarwithenvironmentaljusticeissues,publicparticipationmechanismsandoutreachstrategies,NativeAmericanconcernsandissuesandwhoareexperiencedintheriskassessmentprocess.Additionally,theteamshouldconsultwithEPAsRegionalEnvironmentalJusticecoordinators(refertoAppendixA),whoarevaluableresourcesinidentifyinglocalcommunitygroupsamongotherfunctions. (#(# Ѐ  0  Whereproposedactionsmayaffecttriballandsorresources(e.g.,treatyprotectedresources   2      ,cultural Q resourcesand/orsacredsites-   3      )EPAwillrequestthattheaffectedIndianTribe1   4      ׀seektoparticipateas X acooperatingagency(40CFR1508.5).Wheredifferencesoccurregardingthepreferredalternativeormitigationmeasuresthatwillaffecttriballandsorresources,theaffectedIndianTribemayrequestthatadisputeresolutionprocessbeinitiatedtoresolvetheconflictbetweenthetribeandtheAgency. (#(#   0  Environmentaljusticeconcernsmayleadtomorefocusedanalyses,identifyingsignificanteffectsthat {# mayotherwisehavebeendilutedbyexaminationofalargerpopulationorarea.Environmentaljusticeconcernsshouldalwaystriggertheseriousevaluationofalternativesaswellasmitigationoptions. (#(#  &    0  Identifyingthe"affectedcommunity"isparticularlyimportant.Theeffectsoftheproposedactionwill  oftenvarydependingonthedistanceoftheaffectedcommunityfromtheactionandthetypeofeffectcreatedbytheaction(e.g.,airborneorwaterbornepollution,increasedtraffic,etc.).Effectsonthe  communityshouldbediscussedintermsofreasonableincrementsfromthesiteoftheaction. (#(#   0  Communityinvolvementisparticularlyimportantincasesinvolvingpotentialenvironmentaljustice  # issues.EarlyandsustainedcommunicationswiththeaffectedcommunitythroughouttheNEPAprocessisanessentialcomponentofenvironmentaljustice. (#(#   0  Formeaningfulcommunityinvolvementtobeachievedincircumstanceswhereenvironmentaljustice ?  isanissue,technicalassistancesuppliedbyEPAshouldbeavailabletothecommunitytoassistintheirfullparticipation(e.g.,interpretationofscientificdocuments,developmentofalternativesormitigationmeasures). (#(#   0  EISsandRODs,andEAsandFONSIs(FindingofNoSignificantImpact)shoulddocumentthe b analysesusedtoidentifythepresenceorabsenceofdisproportionatelyhighandadverseeffectsandpresenttheresultsofthoseanalyses.TheRODandtheFONSIshoulddocumenttheconclusionoftheseanalyses(i.e.,whethertheactionwillorwillnothaveadisproportionatelyhighandadverseeffectonminorityand/orlowincomecommunities)anddescribeanymitigationthatwillbeundertakentoavoidorminimizesucheffects. (#(#   1.2.10  EPAActionsRequiringNEPACompliance u C(#(#   EPAisrequiredtocomplywithNEPAforitsresearchanddevelopmentactivities,facilitiesconstruction,wastewatertreatmentconstructiongrantsunderTitleIIoftheCleanWaterActandundercertainAppropriationsActs,andEPAissuedNationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES)permitsfornewsourcessubjecttonewsourceperformancestandards.TheAgencyisexemptedbystatuteforactionstakenundertheCleanAirActandformostCleanWaterActprograms.TheComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,Compensation,andLiabilityAct(CERCLA),requiresEPAtocomplyonlywiththesubstantive,nottheprocedural,requirementsofotherenvironmentallawsforonsiteresponses.InthecaseofotherEPAprograms,thecourtshavefoundEPAprocedurestobe"functionallyequivalent"totheNEPAprocessandthereforetheseEPAprogramsareexemptfromNEPAproceduralrequirements.Also,EPAvoluntarilypreparesEISsforanumberofactionspursuanttoalongstandingstatementofAgencypolicy.  Exhibit1identifiesEPA'smajorprogramareasandindicateswhichactionsaresubjecttoNEPA,whichCongresshasexemptedfromNEPA,whichhavebeenfoundtobefunctionallyequivalenttoNEPA,andwhichreceiveNEPAlikeanalyses.ThisguidanceisapplicablesolelytoEPAprogramsandactionssubjecttoNEPAandnotthoseidentifiedas functionallyequivalentinExhibit1.However,thisshouldnotprecludeitsuseasreferencewhere functionallyequivalentprogramsoractionsprocessesmaybenefitfromtheinformationcontainedtherein. -(' Ї>_OKz|  xe% p @X@Ex)S'xx)   YIEx| "2x) p @XEx)S'xx) (#(#                                        -(' B ,Xw !'ww BTD@x , x) p @XEx)S'xx) (#(#                                        -(' YIEx| "x) p @XEx)S'xx) (#(#                                        -('  1.2.20  EPAReviewofProposedActionsUnderCleanAirAct309 a (#(#   Asaresultof309oftheCleanAirAct,EPAhasakeyroleintheoverallimplementationofNEPA.Specifically,309mandatesthatEPA"reviewandcommentinwritingontheenvironmentalimpactofanymatterrelatingtodutiesandresponsibilitiesgrantedpursuanttothischapterorotherprovisionsoftheauthorityoftheAdministrator,containedinany(1)legislationproposedbyanyfederaldepartmentoragency,(2)newlyauthorizedfederalprojectsforconstructionandanymajorfederalagencyaction(otherthanaprojectforconstruction)towhichSection4332(2)(C)ofthistitleapplies[subjecttoSection102(2)(C)ofNEPA],and(3)proposedregulationspublishedbyanydepartmentoragencyoftheFederalgovernment.Suchwrittencommentshallbemadepublicattheconclusionofanysuchreview"(42U.S.C.7609(a)).  Inconducting309reviews,EPAisfurtherdirectedbythePresidentialMemorandumthataccompaniedExecutiveOrder12898toensurethatagenciesfullyanalyzeenvironmentaleffectsoftheirproposedactionsonminorityandlowincomecommunities,includinghumanhealth,social,andeconomiceffects.Asaresultofboth309andthePresidentialMemorandum,EPAisabletoassistotherfederalagenciesinevaluatingproposedactionsthataresubjecttoNEPAbyidentifyingpossibleenvironmentaljusticeconcernsthatmayresultfromsuchactionsandbyofferingalternativesolutionsandmitigationmeasuresforunavoidableimpacts.   AlthoughmentionismadehereofEPA'sresponsibilitiesunder309,thisdocumentisnotintended .~ toprovideguidancefor309reviews.EPAs309guidanceshouldbeusedforthatpurpose.ThisguidancesupplementstheCouncilonEnvironmentalQualitys EnvironmentalJusticeGuidanceUnder < theNationalEnvironmentalPolicyActandistailoredtoEPAsconductinactionsforwhichEPAmust C complywithNEPAandwhereEPAhasjurisdictionasacooperatingagency.ItdoesnotprovideguidancerelatedtootherfederalagenciesactionsorforEPA'sreviewofotherfederalagencies'EISs.  Q Ѐ  1.30  OrganizationofthisGuidance  k (#(#   Theremainderofthisguidanceisorganizedasfollows: Chapter2 describeskeyenvironmentaljustice y" termsandfactorsandtheapplicationofthekeydefinitionsandfactorsinthecontextofstandardNEPAanalyses; Chapter3 describeskeystepsintheNEPAprocess,includingbothEISsandEAs,whereanalyses $ ofenvironmentaljusticeconcernsshouldbeincorporated; Chapter4 discussespublicparticipationapproaches % ofdirectrelevancetominorityand/orlowincomecommunities;and Chapter5 providesabriefoverviewof &  methodologicaltoolsthatcanbeusedtoidentifyandassesspotentialdisproportionatelyhighandadverseeffects. -*('   @RR62.0KEYTERMSANDFACTORSFORCONSIDERATIONINEVALUATING  @ DENVIRONMENTALJUSTICECONCERNS C     ThepurposeofthissectionistointroducekeytermsandconceptstoheightentheEPAanalyst'sawarenessofhowdisproportionatelyhighandadverseeffectsmaybeidentified.ThediscussionisbasedonguidancepreparedbyataskforceoftheInteragencyWorkingGrouponEnvironmentalJustice(IWG).TheIWGwascreatedbyExecutiveOrder12898andiscomprisedoftheheads(orrepresentatives)of17departmentsandagencies.  TheidentificationandanalysisofdisproportionatelyhighandadversehumanhealthorenvironmentaleffectsonminoritycommunitiesandlowincomecommunitiesshouldoccurthroughouttheNEPAprocess,fromtheinitialphasesofthescreeninganalysisthroughtheconsiderationandcommunicationofallalternativesandassociatedmitigationtechniques.  InconductinganEPANEPAanalysisthatissensitivetoenvironmentaljusticeconcerns,theinterdisciplinaryteamofEPANEPAanalystsshouldhaveanunderstandingofkeytermscentraltoenvironmentaljusticeandshouldunderstandwhatfactorsneedtobeconsideredtoensurethatallrelevantconcernsareidentifiedandevaluatedinadirectandexplicitmanner.Theteamshouldincludeexpertsfamiliarwithavailableandappropriatepublicparticipationproceduresandstrategiesand,wheresuchconcernsmayarise,individualsfamiliarwiththeuniqueconcernsofNativeAmericanTribesandpopulations.Developingakeensensitivitytopotentialenvironmentaljusticeconce